Tag Archives: feminism

RIP Susan Brownmiller (1935 – 2025)

Susan Brownmiller was een Amerikaanse feministe die vooral bekend is voor haar boek Against our will: Men, women, and rape (1975), vertaald als Tegen haar wil: mannen, vrouwen en verkrachting.

Het bekende citaat uit *Against our will*

Against our will stelt dat ‘vanaf de prehistorie tot nu, verkrachting een cruciale rol heeft gespeeld. Het is niets meer of minder dan een bewust mechanisme van intimidatie waarmee alle mannen alle vrouwen in een staat van angst houden’.

Nu weet ik wel dat verkrachting een problematisch begrip is, zo is het bijvoorbeeld tegelijkertijd wél en geen vier-letter-woord (zie noot1), maar zeggen dat alle mannen verkrachting gebruiken als een bewust mechanisme om alle vrouwen te onderdrukken, is een brug te ver. Het doet denken aan de recent overleden Sandra Harding (1935 – 2025) die in 1986 van oordeel was dat Newtons Principia mathematica een ‘verkrachtingshandleiding’ is.

In datzelfde Against our will definieert Brownmiller pornografie als de ‘onversneden essentie van antivrouwenpropaganda’ en vergelijkt ze het met enerzijds de antisemitische propaganda van het Derde Rijk die de ideologische basis legde voor de Endlösung, en anderzijds met het goedpraten van ‘n-woord’-grapjes die de onderdrukking van de zwarten bestendigt.

Het boek past binnen een feministische traditie van de jaren zeventig die paradoxaal genoeg even extreem als toonaangevend was.

Noot: de Nederlandse vertalingen in dit stuk zijn van de auteurs van deze blog.

Noot 1: In “Rape is a four-letter word” (1975) schrijft Muriel Schulz: ‘Rape is a four-letter word. Why isn’t it taboo? The organs and processes of sex and elimination provide us with a set of terms in English which we designate as ” dirty words .”‘

RIP Sandra Harding (1935 – 2025)

Verkrachtingshandleiding

Sandra Harding was een Amerikaanse academica bekend omwille van haar uitlating dat Newtons Philosophiæ naturalis principia mathematica (1687) als een ‘verkrachtingshandleiding’ kan gelezen worden. Ze deed die boude uitspraak in haar boek The science question in feminism (1986, NL: ‘De wetenschapsvraag in het feminisme’).

Achteraf had ze spijt van die uitspraak.

Nochtans had ze er wel wat over nagedacht. Het ging haar over de metaforen die Newton bezigde. In haar boek ging de gedachtengang zo:

‘Het begrijpen van de natuur als een vrouw die onverschillig staat tegenover verkrachting of deze zelfs toejuicht, was … is fundamenteel voor de interpretaties van deze nieuwe opvattingen over natuur en onderzoek.’

Harding gebruikt naast de term ‘rape’ (verkrachting), de term ‘torture’ (martelen) in relatie tot het onderzoek van Bacon, Newton en Machiavelli.

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RIP Annie Le Brun (1942 – 2024)

Annie Le Brun

In Frankrijk sterft Annie Le Brun. Haar vijf minuten wereldbekendheid vonden plaats in februari 1978 op het Franse boekenpraatprogramma Apostrophe nadat ze enige maanden ervoor Lâchez tout, een woede-uitbarsting aan het adres van de neo-feministen, had gepubliceerd.

Bernard Pivot zegt haar tijdens de uitzending:

“Je bent hard voor wat je neo-feministen noemt. Je noemt ze ‘stalinisten in jurken’…”

Le Brun verwijt feministes zoals Gisèle Halimi en Michèle Perrein, die ze neo-feministes noemt, dat ze alle vrouwen over dezelfde kam scheren, gewoon omdat het vrouwen zijn. Maar dan vraag ik me af, hoe kan je anders opkomen voor de rechten van vrouwen, als je hen niet als groep ziet?

Bovendien kan je vrouwenrechten bezwaarlijk onder de paraplu van mensenrechten schuiven. Vrouwen baren nu eenmaal kinderen. Ze nemen vaak de zorg voor die kinderen op zich. Men kan niet anders dan voor hen een beleid op maat voeren. Het universalisme van andere mensenrechten gaat hier niet op.

Le Brun cureerde ook Sade, Attacking the Sun (2014)

Rust zacht Annie.

RIP Fay Weldon (1931 – 2023)

Fay Weldon was een Brits auteur vooral bekend om haar boek The Life and Loves of a She-Devil (1983). Bij ons werd dat vertaald als Liefde en levens van een duivelin en er kwam ook een film met Meryl Streep en Roseanne Barr in de hoofdrollen.

She-Devil (1989)

‘She-devil’

Via dat woord ‘she-devil’ leerde ik Weldon kennen, toen ik het tegenkwam in het werk van de Gentse schrijver Pierre Louÿs. Het soort duivelinnen dat ik toen in gedachten had waren slechte vrouwen, succubi en heksen.

Maar de duivelin waar Weldon het over heeft is een heel ander type en dat type heeft de feministische literatuur van de laat twintigste eeuw enigszins beheerst.

De hoofdpersonages van Weldons romans zijn vaak dikke en lelijke vrouwen die verwikkeld zijn in de oorlog der seksen. Die eeuwige strijd tussen man en vrouw. Meteen ook de enige oorlog, zoals u weet, waarin elke partij regelmatig in het bed van de vijand belandt.

Afvallige feministe

Voorts blijkt Weldon een ‘afvallige feministe’ in de stijl van Germaine Greer.

Zo lees ik in De Morgen, naar aanleiding van de vertaling van Dagboek van een stiefmoeder (2009) haar terechte twijfels bij de nieuwe samgengestelde-gezinnen-moraal:

‘Ik wil tonen wat er kan mislopen wanneer je stukken van gezinnen aaneenlijmt. De bloedbanden, psychologische banden en de pikorde in een gezin blijken vaak sterker dan men zou willen. Het gaat me vooral om de kinderen. Mensen denken dat het allemaal erg goed werkt. Ze trouwen, scheiden, hertrouwen en rijgen relaties aaneen en dat is allemaal super, maar de kinderen, die worden op vreselijke manier heen en weer geslingerd. Ik vind dat afschuwelijk … Ik wil erop wijzen wat voor vernielende impact telkens wisselende gezinsstructuren kunnen hebben. Scheiden en hertrouwen en de kinderen daarin meesleuren gebeurt in een waas van verliefdheid. Maar die gaat over en daar sta je dan met je nieuw samengestelde gezin. Misschien, heel misschien was een affaire minder ingrijpend geweest.’
Fay Weldon

En in haar boek Dood van een duivelin (2017) is ze niet mals voor transvrouwen:

‘De man heeft nu de controle over het beste wapen dat altijd was voorbehouden aan de vrouw: het lichaam dat hij benijdde, de stemmingen en fijngevoeligheid. Hij kan haar worden, haar opzuigen, haar in zich opnemen.’
Fay Weldon

Geert Van der Speeten liet nog optekenen dat Weldon in het ‘feministische kamp […] niet graag gezien [was]. Met shockerend bedoelde uitlatingen dat verkrachting eigenlijk niet het ergste is wat een vrouw kan overkomen, of dat vrouwen mannen kleineren zoals mannen vroeger vrouwen kleineerden, werd ze als een verraadster aanzien.’

Gewaagd ja, dat over verkrachtingen. Alleen een vrouw kan zich zo’n uitspraken veroorloven.

Rust zacht Fay.

RIP bell hooks (1952 – 2021)

bell hooks was an American author and social activist, working in the intersectionality of race, capitalism, and gender.

bell hooks interviewed by Charlie Rose in 1995

She is perhaps best known for Ain’t I a Woman?(1981).

I first came into contact with her work by way of Angry Women (1991), a book in the RE/Search series.

She also wrote on Paris Is Burning (1990) in a vocabulary typical of her corpus:

“Within white supremacist, capitalist, patriarchy the experience of men dressing as women, appearing in drag, has always been regarded by the dominant heterosexist cultural gaze as a sign that one is symbolically crossing over from a realm of power into a realm of powerlessness.”
bell hooks on Paris is Burning in a piece published in Black Hooks (1992)

Each of these words, white, supremacist, capitalist, patriarchal, hetero-sexist sounds as meaningful and portentous as vacuous and meaningless. It is a description of a state of affairs that betrays a desire for change. The form of this change, however, is not spelled out. Would bell hooks prefer communism instead of capitalism?

Nevertheless, looking at old interviews on Charlie Rose, bell hooks comes across as a gentle, well-read and smart woman.

RIP Nawal El Saadawi (1931 – 2021)

Nawal El Saadawi was an Egyptian feminist writer, activist, physician, and psychiatrist.

She wrote many books on the subject of women in Islam, paying particular attention to the practice of female genital mutilation in her society.

She described her mutilation in The Hidden Face of Eve (1977) in these words:

“Then suddenly the sharp metallic edge seemed to drop between my thighs and there cut off a piece of flesh from my body.”

[…]

“I did not know what they had cut off from my body, and I did not try to find out. I just wept, and called out to my mother for help. But the worst shock of all was when I looked around and found her standing by my side. Yes, it was her, I could not be mistaken, in flesh and blood, right in the midst of these strangers, talking to them and smiling at them, as though they had not participated in slaughtering her daughter just a few moments ago.”

RIP Betty Dodson (1929 – 2020)

Betty Dodson was an American feminist and sex educator.

Unlike Shere Hite, who passed away last September and became known worldwide after her 1976 “Hite Report”, few outside the United States knew the witty Betty Dodson.

Hite became known for assuring women worldwide that penetrative sex is not the way to orgasm for women. Before Hite, many women faked their orgasms. After Hite there was a little less faking. However, it was Dodson who taught American women how to masturbate.

Dodson started out as an artist, she debuted in the late 1960s with drawings of couples making love. That went well. For a second exhibition she decided to invite friends to her studio to masturbate and draw them. That exhibition was a flop and also marked the end of her career as an artist.

Dodson went on to become an orgasm evangelizer, working with the likes of Annie Sprinkle, and writing a number of top-selling books. She looked very young in old age. Perhaps because of all the masturbation she so passionately promoted? She loved the Hitachi Magic Wand, an vibrator called the Rolls-Royce of sex toys. She organized group sessions for ladies to masturbate together. Each with such a Hitachi (I read somewhere that these sessions were sometimes broadcast live on TV). Her dream was to orchestrate a simultaneous group orgasm, but it was precisely in that orchestration role that she saw objections.

Anyone in Europe who was a little curious – and you know what Zappa said about being curious: “the mainstream comes to you, but you have to go to the underground” – saw Betty Dodson in the 1971 film WR: Mysteries of the Organism (1971) about the influence of Willem ‘orgasmatron’ Reich (1897-1957) on the hippie world. There she talked about her erotic drawings.

Betty Dodson belongs to a movement within feminism called sex-positive feminism. It is a movement that I became familiar with via the work of Camille Paglia, an American academic who made the world a smarter place in 1990 with her book Sexual Personae.

Sex-positive thinkers have a positive attitude towards, for example, porn, sex work and sexting.

In that sense I am also sex positive.

But.

If you fully agree that sex is a good thing, you can only decide, as some feminists do, that rape is not about sex, for example.

They reason for this is, and I quote, The Evolution of Human Sexuality (1979) by Donald Symons, a fantastic book:

“The notion that rape is not sexually motivated” [may be due to the fact that] “part of the modernization of sex is the belief that sex is a good thing; yet almost everyone agrees that rape is a bad thing, and one way of eliminating the threat of cognitive dissonance is to deny that rape is sex.”

Sex can be a very beautiful thing indeed. But sex can also be very ugly.

Most of all, sex is often a bit disruptive. And having come to this point in a discourse like this, I like to say it with Schopenhauer who famously said that “sex is a malevolent demon.”

RIP Shere Hite (1942 – 2020)

Shere Hite (1942 – 2020) was a American-born German sex educator and feminist. Her sexological work focused primarily on female sexuality.

She is best-known for her book The Hite Report on Female Sexuality (1976) which is in several ways a successor to Masters and Johnson’s Human Sexual Response (1966) and Kinsey’s Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953).

In this book, she permanently devaluated the coitus in favour of more attention for the clitoris.

She is the last great feminist. Perhaps only equalled by Camille Paglia (born 1947). Nancy Friday (1933 – 2017) is another famous feminist of that generation.

RIP Peter “Easy Rider” Fonda (1940 – 2019)

Peter Fonda was American actor.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCsCRNByc3g

The Hired Hand (1971)

Everyone knows Peter Fonda from the film Easy Rider (1969) a cult film which is so well-known that it is actually a mainstream film.

I saw the film somewhere in the 1990s but hardly remember anything about it. Given the choice — knowing what I know now — between watching Easy Rider and its predecessor The Wild Angels (1966) I’d watch the latter, being that it is as hilarious as it is historiographical (in the sense that Wild Angels tells us more about the sixties zeitgeist than Easy Rider, I refer specifically to the speech featuring “We wanna be free to ride our machines without being hassled by The Man!”)

But now Fonda is dead and despite the dictum “de mortuis nisi nihil bonum“, a few things need to be said before the praise can begin:

“[Peter Fonda] had nowhere near the talent of his father Henry Fonda or sister Jane Fonda, but he was popular with young audiences from the early sixties to early seventies because he was good-looking, knew how to ride a motorcycle, made “hip” pictures with drug-related themes, and, to hide his acting limitations, smartly played characters who were tight-lipped, unemotional, and often wore shades.” —Cult Movie Stars (1991) by Danny Peary

Now for the praise.

Upon the death of an actor or director, I check YouTube for films featuring the corpse in question. And so it happened that I stumbled upon The Hired Hand (1971). Never heard of it before. Started reading about it. Appeared to be a revisionist western. Interesting category. Started watching. Liked the music. The story is that of a man who is tired of drifting the Wild West and returns home to the wife and child he left seven years earlier. She accepts him, not as a husband, but as a hired hand.

That same Danny Peary who called Fonda not a good actor calls The Hired Hand a “feminist western”.

Why?

Because the film pays lots of attention to the abandoned woman and her sexual needs during the departure of her husband. A sort of Penelope vs. Odysseus.

On two occasions Hannah (the abandoned wife) ruminates about her lust for sex. These dialogues are extremely interesting and the second scene, in which Oates touches the ankle of Bloom, is actually quite sexy.

The first conversation of her sex life is with returned husband (Fonda) who has heard rumors in town of her sexual escapades [47:00]:

“You hired men to sleep with,” says he.

She responds:

“Sometimes I’d have him or he’d have me whatever suits you.”

And in a second scene she says to Arch Harris (Oates) [54:00]:

“You probably think I’m pretty hot … Well I am … don’t wannabe but I am … I don’t know how many nights I set on the porch … watching the shed … hoping whoever was in there would come out … hoping and terrified in case he did … wouldn’t really matter whether it was you or him tonight.”

Anyway, above is the complete film.

I loved it.

Why I like the rhetoric of censors so much

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWvTgf0WIQw

Not a Love Story: A Film About Pornography (1981) is one of the best anti-pornography documents around, better than Perversion for Profit (1965).

I found Not a Love Story while researching my paper and being sidetracked into feminist antiporn rhetoric.

The most blatant variety of this rhetoric is the part where they say that pornography leads to rape, first expressed by Robin Morgan in 1974 when she said “pornography is the theory, and rape is the practice“.

Recent feminists such as Anne W. Eaton have toned down their statements from the once virulent rhetoric of women such as Robin Morgan, but Rae Langton, a well respected source in the current debate, still references Ed Donnerstein in “Speech Acts and Unspeakable Acts“, her much-cited paper of 1993.

Researching Ed Donnerstein brought this film to my attention. He is interviewed on the effects of violent porn.

New to me was a soundbite uttered by Robin Morgan who states that “the first things that the Nazis did when they moved into Poland was to engineer a huge proliferation of pornography.”

The statement baffled me and I knew right away that I would not be able to find whether this was true or not, the only thing I could hope to discover is who first spread this piece of information.

After some googling I found this information cited in Take Back the Night (1980) by Laura Lederer. Some more googling and I discovered that it can be pinpointed to Pamela Hansford Johnson’s statement “when the Nazis took on the government of Poland, they flooded the Polish bookstalls with pornography” recorded in On Iniquity (1967), an attack on permissive society occasioned by the Moors murders.

I’ve previously mentioned why I like the rhetoric of censors so much but must write more about it, see in praise of censorship. This documentary is up here in its entirety but for how long considering the amount of explicit imagery?

PS 1. There is another explicit video on censorship, which has escaped the YouTube censor, I’ve written on it here and the video is still there.

PS 2. If you know where Pamela Hansford Johnson got her info from, I’d love to hear from you.

Jahsonic

Burgemeester van Dodenstad